Category Archives: N

Notice

Notice

Article 19(3) notice in the European Union Law

Concept of Article 19(3) notice provided by the “Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy” (Antitrust and control of concentrations, published in 2002): Notice published in the Official Journal by which the Commission informs undertakings, associations of undertakings and the general public of its intention to clear or exempt a certain notified agreement under Article 81 of the EC Treaty. The notice should contain a summary of the relevant application or notification and invite all inter-ested third parties to submit their observations within a time limit not less than one month. Publication shall have regard to the legitimate interest of undertakings in the protection of their business secrets.

(See: Article 19(3) of Regulation No 17.)

Network effect

Network effect

Network effect in the European Union Law

Concept of Network effect provided by the “Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy” (Antitrust and control of concentrations, published in 2002): Network effects arise when a product is more valuable to a user, the more users adopt the same product or compatible ones. Economists refer to this phenomenon as a network externality, because when additional consumers join the network of current consumers they have a beneficial 'external' impact on the consumers who are already part of the network.

Notification

Notification

Notification in the European Union Law

Concept of Notification provided by the “Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy” (Antitrust and control of concentrations, published in 2002): Formal information that firms provide to the Commission under EU antitrust and merger law in certain situations and that concern agree-ments they plan or have concluded.

Notification of restrictive agreements is not compulsory, but under-takings which put them into effect risk that civil law courts will find them contrary to Article 81(1) of the EC Treaty and will not enforce them ( Nullity) in application of Article 81(2). There is also the risk that the Commission or national cartel authorities adopt prohibition decisions (possibly with fines) on the basis of Article 81 of the EC Treaty. If undertakings wish to benefit from an exemption ( Individual exemption) or to obtain a () negative clearance, they have to notify the agreement to the Commission under () Regulation No 17 on the basis of () form A/B. However, notifica-tion for exemption is not necessary if the agreement in question is covered by a () block exemption regulation. Notification of an agreement affords the companies concerned immunity from fines under Article 15 of Regulation No 17.

The merger regulation obliges undertakings to notify any concentra-tion with a Community dimension to the Commission on the basis of () form CO, normally within one week of the conclusion of the concentration agreement. The participating undertakings are not allowed to put the concentration into effect before its notification and before the Commission has declared it compatible with the common market.

Nullity

Nullity

Nullity in the European Union Law

Concept of Nullity provided by the “Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy” (Antitrust and control of concentrations, published in 2002): Under Article 81(1) of the EC Treaty, agreements between undertak-ings that restrict competition and may affect trade between Member States are prohibited. According to Article 81(2) of the EC Treaty they are void unless they are exempted from the prohibition under certain conditions laid down in Article 81(3) of the EC Treaty.

Non-competition clause

Non-competition clause

Non-competition clause in the European Union Law

Concept of Non-competition clause provided by the “Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy” (Antitrust and control of concentrations, published in 2002): Contractual clause bringing about a direct or indirect obligation causing the parties to an acquisition agreement, or at least one of them, not to manufacture, purchase, sell or resell independently goods or services which compete with the contract goods or services. Such an obligation on the seller of the assets guarantees that the acquirer receives the full value of the assets transferred and hence is normally considered as ancillary to the main agreement.

Resources

See also

  • Non-compete obligation

Non-opposition procedure

Non-opposition procedure

Non-opposition procedure in the European Union Law

Concept of Non-opposition procedure provided by the “Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy” (Antitrust and control of concentrations, published in 2002): Special procedure laid down in certain () block exemption and other () implementing regulations to simplify exemption proce-dures, by not raising objections to a notified agreement within a period defined in these regulations. In this way the Commission either grants individual exemptions (in the transport regulations) or considers agreements block exempted (in the technology transfer regulation).

(See: Council Regulation No 1017/68 of 19.7.1968 on rail, road and inland waterway transport (OJ L 175, 23.7.1968, p. 1); Council Regulation No 4056/86 of 22.12.1986 on maritime transport (OJ L 378, 31.12.1986, p. 4); Council Regulation No 3975/87 of 14.12.1987 on air transport (OJ L 374, 31.12.1987, p. 1); Commission Regulation No 240/96 of 31.12.1996 on certain categories of tech-nology transfer agreements (OJ L 31, 9.2.1996, p. 2).)

Negative clearance

Negative clearance

Negative clearance in the European Union Law

Concept of Negative clearance provided by the “Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy” (Antitrust and control of concentrations, published in 2002): When the Commission, on the basis of the facts presented to it, comes to the conclusion that there are no grounds under Article 81(1) or 82 of the EC Treaty to take action in respect of an agreement or practice, the Commission issues a negative clearance either as a formal decision or informally by way of a () comfort letter. In Article 81 cases, companies usually combine their application for negative clearance with a notification for exemption.

Notification of the decision

Notification of the decision

Notification of the decision

The SG is in charge of the notification process, which will take place in two rounds: – in a first stage, immediately after the decision has been adopted by the College, the SG notifies by fax the operative part of the decision (“dispositif”) to the parties (not to their external legal counsel, except if parties waived the notification rights to their empowered attorney); the SG also notifies the operative part of the decision to the National Competition Authorities; – in a second stage, the SG notifies a certified copy of the decision to the parties as well as a copy of the final report of the Hearing Officer by express courier service (DHL or the like).

More about Notification of the decision

The case team is in charge of the following: – to inform immediately, after the decision has been adopted and finalized by the SG (adding the date and the decision number to the adopted decision), the addressee of the decision, by sending a courtesy copy 1 , and send the text of the opinion(s) of the Advisory Committees to the parties when the Advisory Committee has recommended the publication of its opinion(s); – to instruct the Antitrust Registry to send the full text of the decision (i.e. including confidential information and indication of figures on fines) to Member States and ESA, where it is EEA relevant, in the languages available via encrypted mail promptly (within two weeks) after the adoption of the decision; – to send, if appropriate, by courtesy, to the legal counsel of the parties a copy of the decision; – to send, if possible, a non-confidential version of the decision to the complainant (such a version may however not yet be available at this stage); – to check if the case concerns a non-EEA-country, if there is an obligation to inform the third country competition authority about the fact that a decision has been notified to a company in its jurisdiction; in case of doubt, the Unit for International Relations will provide assistance.

Resources

See Also

References

  • Information about Notification of the decision in the Antitrust Manual of Procedures for the application of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU (Internal DG Competition)

Notes


[Note 1]
See the Notice on best practices for the conduct of proceedings concerning Articles 101 and 102 TFEU (OJ C 308, 20.10.2011, p. 6), paragraph 146.

Further Reading

  • Information about Notification of the decision in “An Introduction to EU Competition Law”, Moritz Lorenz (Cambridge University Press)

Notification to addressees

Notification to addressees

Notification to addressees and transmission of copies to competition authorities of Member States

The decision has to be notified to the addressees, and a copy should be transmitted to the competition authorities of the Member States and ESA.

Resources

See Also

References

  • Information about Notification to addressees in the Antitrust Manual of Procedures for the application of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU (Internal DG Competition)

Further Reading

  • Information about Notification to addressees in EU Competition Procedure, 3rd. Edition, Edited by Luis Ortiz Blanco (Oxford University Press)