Tag: Languages General Rules
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Working languages
Internal procedural languages ("Working languages")In practice, it is impractical to work internally in all the official languages. Therefore, internally, the Commission works in only three procedural languages, English, French and German (so-called "working languages"),…
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Language waivers
Language waiversIn a given case, there may be a number of authentic languages. For instance, in a cartel case that includes undertakings from 8 Member States, there may be 8 authentic languages. This will lead to a heavy work for translation in all these languages (and will generate delay)….
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Authentic languages
Authentic languagesThe authentic version(s) of a text is (are) the only legally binding versions. The consequence is that an act can only be validly adopted if it exists in the authentic language(s) of the case and its interpretation will be determined by reference only to those language ve…
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Antitrust proceedings Languages
Use of languages in antitrust proceedings. General RulesIt is essential to understand a key distinction between official languages, internal procedural languages (generally known as "working languages") and authentic languages. In relation to the latter, it is also important to un…
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Antitrust proceedings Official Languages
Official languages in antitrust proceedings. General RulesOfficial languages of the European Union include virtually all the official languages of the various EU Member States. Council Regulation No 1 of 15 April 1958 determining the language to be used by the European Economic Community, a…